The trend toward car electrification is positive, though progress isn’t always consistent. Engineers are working tirelessly to make electric vehicles (EVs) as safe, convenient, and reliable as today’s internal combustion engine cars.

Here’s a look at the technologies shaping the future of EV batteries today, tomorrow, and in the distant future.

What is the Current Situation?

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries have seen substantial growth in the global market in recent years, with their share rising from 6% in 2020 to 30% in 2022. Although LFP batteries have 30-60% lower energy density compared to popular nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) batteries, they are made from safer and more durable materials, making them cheaper and more environmentally friendly.

Looking ahead, a promising technology could be the Gemini battery, which combines high-density nickel-manganese cells with LFP cells, offering a balance of performance and safety.

What Should We Expect in the Near Future?

New battery technologies take years to develop, but some may become available within the next decade. One promising development is the lithium-sulfur battery, which can store much more energy than current batteries. Pilot production samples of these batteries are already being sent to automakers for testing.

Sodium-ion batteries, while cheaper than LFP, have lower energy density and are primarily used in light vehicles, 12-volt batteries, and dual-ion systems.

Toyota is working on a bipolar LFP battery, expected to increase range by 20% and reduce costs by 40% compared to the bZ4X’s current EV battery. Dual-ion batteries (DIBs), which use both positive and negative ions for energy storage, are also noteworthy. These batteries promise faster charging, higher voltage, and better energy density.

What to Expect in the Long Term

All these innovations will help improve the energy density, charging times, safety, and cost of EV batteries. In the long run, scientists are also optimistic about developing commercial nuclear fusion, which could potentially solve the challenges of sustainable electricity for good.